both the handles in the left hand and hold the. THE MAKERS OF SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS IN AMERICA SINCE 1700. by Charles E. Smart. Chain used for Chain Surveying Each link at the end is bent into a loop and is connected to adjoiningly by means of three oval rings which offers flexibility to the chain. The chain survey is preferred when the ground is nearly flat and open and also when the area to be surveyed is smaller. Chain Surveying - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Plane Surveying Chapter 3 Chain Surveying (Tape Measurements) Dr. Sari Abusharar University of Palestine Faculty of method. The practice of surveying is an art, because it is dependent up on the skills, judgments and experience of surveyor. Non-Metric chain (a).Gunters chain or Surveyors chain (b). The modern steel and fiberglass measuring tapes used by surveyors are still . For alignment of roads, railways, bridges, etc. (ii) Observation and Measurement Chain surveying is one of the methods of land surveying. 3.4 Engineer's Chain. WEEK1_Chapter 2 Chain Survey.pdf - CHAPTER 2: CHAIN SURVEY / DISTANCE / LINEAR MEASUREMENT Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Universiti. Instruments Used in Chain Surveying Some of the main instruments that are used in chain surveying are: 1. 2-00 SURVEY EQUIPMENT 2-01 Control A. Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying instruments. plane table surveying . The one of the main instrument used in levelling is levelling staff. 5. theodolite surveying . Minor Survey Instruments - Box-sextant, Planimeter, Pantagraph, their working principles and uses. It is very convenient for measuring distances in miles and furlongs and for The horizontal distances are usually measured with a measuring tape or chain. Chain surveying is the simplest method of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. . These units of measurement can still be found in many older deeds on record at the courthouse. It may also be considered as an applied science, because field and office procedures rely upon a systematic body of knowledge. Chain is used as unit of measurement for horizontal distances in chain surveying. One Link = .66' Figure 1: Surveyor's Chain The early surveyor's chain used the English length of 66 feet. Tachymeter (surveying) Tape (surveying) Tellurometer. From determining property boundaries to preparing construction sites, surveyors rely on certain equipment to do their jobs properly. ENGINEERS' SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS: THEIR CONSTRUCTION, ADJUSTMENT AND USE. H .TANDON 405030 views. It derives its name from the fact that the principle equipment commonly used is the chain. . It sometimes happens that a survey line passes through some object such as a pond, a building, a river, a hedge etc. Plane Surveying: The type of surveying in which the mean surface 3.3 Gunter's Chain or Surveyor's Chain. Make a reconnaissance of the area and select a suitable framework (chain lines) and stations. 2. 4. Basic principle 5-4. Book Detail: Surveying and Leveling Levelling is a process of determining the height of one level relative to another.It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum, or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum. Chain used for Surveying 20m chain - 100 links 30m chain - 150 links 1 links - 20cm Links of chain are made by mild steel wire - 4mm diameter. Invented by the English mathematician Edmund Gunter in the early 17th century, Gunter's chain is exactly 22 yards (about 20 m) long and divided into 100 links. Figure 1.1: Instruments Used in Chain Surveying Procedure: The entire procedure for chain surveying can be divided into three major groups. It is the simplest kind of survey and is most suitable when the area to be surveyed is small in extend and is fairly level and open with simple details. Chain or tape, Arrows, Pegs, Ranging rods, Offset rods, Laths or whites, Plumb bob, Cross staff and Mallet. There are three basic types of level instruments, namely: 1) Dumpy Levels 2) Engineers' Tilting Levels OBJECTIVE: Study of various instruments used in chain surveying and their uses INSTRUMENTS: 1) Chain or tape 2) Arrows 3) Ranging rods 4) Cross staff 5) Offset rods 6) Pegs 7) Plumb bob DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS: 1 a) Chain: The chain is composed of 100 or 150 pieces of galvanized mild steel wire, 4 Technical Terms. Remove the strap of the folded chain and take. In 1620 an English mathematician and astronomer named Edmund Gunter described a surveyor's chain with 100 links, measuring 66 feet (22 yards or 4 poles) overall. Measure all the chain (based) lines once in each direction using the direct measurement. Chaining Obstructed, Vision Free 3. Principal of surveying - Working From Whole To Part, Location of a Point by With Respect to Reference Point. 2. Curve Setting - Simple circular curve setting by chain, tape & theodolite 10. It has brass handles at both ends for easy handling. The leveling staff is a box section of aluminum or wood, which will extend to 3 or 5 m in height by telescoping, hinging or addition of sections. Chains and Tapes. Technical Terms Used in chain Surveying Survey Stations These are important point fixed on ground indicating the starting point and the end point of the survey line. The source of the term "chain" is frequently used in tape and steel tape measurements in surveying. Arrows are used for this purpose. SURVEY INSTRUMENTS S.NO NAME IMAGE Surveyor's Chain Measuring tape (Linen) Measuring tape (Steel) 1 SURVEY tachometric surveying etc. Lesson 5. based on the criterion given in Note 1. Most survey instruments screw onto a tripod when in use. It is composed of 100 links, with a link being 0.66 feet or 7.92 . What are the instruments required for a chain survey? Procedure for carrying out chain survey 4-16. Sometimes a special joint or a tally marker is attached every 5 metres. Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. (iv) An offset rod. In chain surveying, the area that is to be measured is divided into a network of small triangles. Chaining and Vision Both Obstructed. . With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious. Area is open and 4. Reference Books: 1. In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. Classification on the Basis of Instruments Used. . Surveying - Punmia, Vol. A Transit is a surveying instrument having a horizontal circle divided into degrees, minutes, and seconds. Pegs. Holding both the handles in the left hand, throw. TYPES OF LEVEL INSTRUMENTS The level is an instrument with a telescope and bubble tube which is used for measuring differences in elevation between various points. Engineers chain (c). One face has a graduated scale attached for reading with the cross-hairs of the level telescope. The following instruments are required for measurements with chain and tape: [1] ARROWS. 1.1. Here the following topics of Surveying are discussed: You are reading a preview. Theodolite Surveying: The theodolite is an instrument that is used to measure the horizontal and vertical angles. H .TANDON for the civil engineering students. 3. SURVEY OF AN AREA BY CHAIN SURVEY (CLOSED TRAVERSE) & PLOTTING OBJECTIVE: To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate an area of the field RESOURCES: S. No. Tape. It is the method of land surveying in which only linear measurements are made. Calculation, reduction and plotting of survey data for use in engineering design . arrows . PDF | Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. 5) Locating given building by chain and compass traversing, (One full size drawing sheet) Hydrographic surveying : Related with water bodies like low water level, high flood level etc. Fig. remaining portion of the chain in the right hand. 3. 30 and 50 meters - delicate instrument and is very light, and therefore, cannot withstand rough usage . Purpose 5-3. chain. 2. compass surveying . chain survey, compass survey instrument, compass survey pdf, compass surveying, compass surveying procedure, prismatic compass, prismatic compass survey, theodolite survey 0 Comment Survey Compass can be used as a simple compass in your pocket or use the augmented reality view to determine the bearing and elevation of objects in the distance. It is a method of surveying in which the area is divided into net work of triangles and the sides of the various triangles are measured directly in the field with chain or tape and no angular measurement are taken. 5. Arrows are made up of 4 mm diameter steel wire with one end sharpened . 3.1 Metric Chain. Generally a . In the device, each link is a solid bar. 9 . This survey is carried out to locate the boundaries of a field and to determine its area. Analog or digital tape measures are often used for measurement of smaller distances. Instruments required in chain survey 4-15. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. A FOCUSSED APPROACH Chain Surveying CHAINS Gunter's Chain : The Gunter's chain is 66 ft. Long and is divided into 100 links each 0.66 ft. Long. Ranging Rods. Ends of chains carry . Plane table surveying 49-51 Lesson 8. is required to transfer the points to the ground. Levelling- description of level instruments 56-61 Lesson 10. Chain surveying is generally done for a relatively smaller area to describe the boundaries of plots or land and to locate the existing features on it. A chain may be metric or non-metric. Surveyor's chain. Chains or tapes are used to measure distances on the field. [2] There are several methods of traversing, depending on the instruments used in determining the relative directions of the traverse lines. EQUIPMENT: S NO EQUIPMENT QTY 1 Chain 2 Tape 3 Cross staff 4 Ranging rods(2mts) 5 Ranging rods(3mts) 6 Arrows PROCEDURE: 1. 1. Types of Surveys: Geodetic Surveying: The type of surveying that takes into account the true shape of the earth. Preparation of surveys and related mapping specifications . Party Chief 2.1.1 C. GPS Technician 2.1.1 2-02 Care of Equipment . Surveyor's compass. The three main obstacles in chaining of a line are of the following types: 1. View Lab Report - Survey Instruments.pdf from MKTG BA 640 at University of South Carolina. Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. 1 A chain ENGLISH LAND MEASURING TO 1800: INSTRUMENTS AND PRACTICES. Activate your 30 day free trial to continue reading. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Surveying instruments. 6.Cross Staffs 6. Instruments used for chain surveying: The various instruments used in chain surveying are as follows. In land surveying, this is achieved during the reconnaissance study. Metric chain (ii). Gravity surveying : Fluctuation of gravity value from place to place. According to the instruments used, the surveying is classifieds follows: chain surveying . 1) EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES: Chain A chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. Classification on the Basis of Instruments Used. 20. Steel . Linear Measurement: (Chain Surveying) The following equipment is available for linear measurements. MINE SURVEYING CHAIN SURVEYING Web: www.amiestudycircle.com Ph: +91 9412903929 1/32 AMIE(I) STUDY CIRCLE(REGD.) arrows . The most common surveyor's chain was 66 feet long and made up of 100 links. COMPASS TRAVERSING 10-24 25-33 MODULE 4. Technical Supervisor and Division Procurement Officer 2.1.1 B. It is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made, no angular measurements are taken. by Ira O. Baker, C.E. Basic Terms Used in Chain Surveying Some of the terms that are commonly used in chain surveying are described in short below: 1. Write the different types of Chain. lab #3: survey of an area by chain survey (closed traverse) 8 lab #4: chaining across obstacles 10 lab #5: chain surveying (mapping by tape) 15 lab #6: study of level and levelling staff 18 lab #7: differential or fly levelling - reduce levels by h.i method 22 lab # 8: differential or fly levelling - reduce levels by rise and fall method 24